Polyglycolic acid (PGA), also known as polyglycolide is a biodegradable, thermoplastic polyester polymer and the simplest of the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) class of polyesters possible.

The process technologies and production economics for polypropylene (PP) are presented. Gas phase and bulk processes from all major technology holders are reviewed. Cost of production economics have been developed for USGC, China, and Middle East locations. Carbon intensity analysis (scope 1 and 2) included for average gas phase, bulk, and slurry processes on a USGC and China basis. Global demand by end-use and global capacity by producer are provided.

E-waste is the world’s fastest growing and most valuable waste stream. An estimated $62.5 billion USD worth of precious metals from electronics are landfilled and incinerated annually while less than 20 percent of the world’s e-waste is captured through formal recycling channels. This TECH report provides the technological, economic, and market dynamics of the formal electronic recycling industry. This report also examines the status and trajectory of electronic recycling across each continent and the key policies and initiatives shaping the future of e-waste. An economic model for a standard industrial e-waste recycling plant in the United States is also provided.

Traditionally hydrogen is generated from fossil feedstock and processes that emit significant amounts of CO2. In comparison, renewable or green hydrogen production results in materially lower emissions. Green hydrogen holds significant potential and interest for decarbonization of sectors that have previously been difficult to decarbonize. This includes both existing applications (e.g., refining, feedstock for chemicals) as well as emerging applications (e.g., e-methanol, e-ammonia, e-SAF), as well as potential in direct use for carbon emission free combustion. Growing interest in low carbon intensity hydrogen has stemmed from mounting net zero pledges and decarbonization goals, and an increasing focus on the energy transition. Production options explored several global regions and technologies covering thermochemical (biomass gasification), bio-methane reforming, electrolysis, and other advanced pathways from a technical, economic (cost of production model), and capacity level. A discussion of implications for the conventional technologies is also included.