The chemistry, process technology, and production economics for commercial routes to lactic acid and polylactic acid (PLA) are presented.  Fermentative production of lactic acid from dextrose based on existing gypsum-producing technology is compared to a newer gypsum-free process.  Historical and projected plant capacities in different geographic regions are also provided.

Commercial LAB production technologies (n-paraffins dehydrogenation, benzene alkylation) have been reviewed. Regional costs of production for n-paraffins and LAB have been evaluated.  Global supply/demand is included.

This techno-economic report offers a review on conventional routes to maleic anhydride, along with economics developed for several different global locations.  The report also provides market information in the major global regions.

Developing and commercialized chemical energy storage technologies (batteries) for grid and other large capacity applications are reviewed, characterized in detail, and compared to non-chemical storage options.  Grid applications, especially for integrating renewable electricity sources (e.g., wind and solar PV), as well as others are also explained, modeled, and analyzed including for their economics.