Hydrogen is a key feedstock used in the chemical and refining industries. Most hydrogen is produced from natural gas via steam methane reforming (SMR), autothermal reforming (ATR) and partial oxidation (POX) as well as from gasification of fossil fuels such as coal and oil and, increasingly, from water electrolysis due to its low carbon footprint. In addition, hydrogen from ammonia cracking is a commercially proven pathway that is drawing growing interest as a viable method for clean hydrogen distribution. Thus, the cost of production and associated carbon intensity via those technologies for plants in the United States, Western Europe, and China have been estimated for the first quarter of 2025. NexantECA also provides an overview of global hydrogen capacity and a high-level analysis of the business and strategic considerations and technology availability from the perspective of a company entering or expanding into the hydrogen market.

Market Insights: Carbon Dioxide (2025) includes discussion regarding key policy and trends, as well as supply by source and demand by end use for nine regions: North America, South America, Western Europe, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific, and China with forecasts to 2035. Demand is segmented by urea, enhanced oil recovery, beverage carbonation, other food and beverage use, methanol, Power-to-Liquids (PTL) and others development in CO2 capture, sequestration and/or utilization is reviewed with sources of supply. CO2 pricing analysis is also provided, including carbon emissions trading mechanisms and merchant market.

​​This BI report investigates the technical, economic and commercial aspects of e-SAF technologies. Cost of production estimate models and carbon intensity analysis are provided across several regions.​

This report focuses on developments in the e-methanol industry sector. Several technologies are profiled in this report including Topsoe (ModuLite™) and Johnson Matthey (eMERALD™). Technology descriptions, key company profiles, cost of production model estimates, and capacity analysis are included as well as a discussion of impacts on the conventional industries.