The automobile industry has seen increasingly stringent regulations to mitigate emissions from the use of gasoline in internal combustion engines, with limits to sulfur content and minimum required research octane numbers. Alkylates adheres to these regulations since it is a low-sulfur content, high-octane component for gasoline. Alkylates are primarily produced using liquid acid catalysts that pose environmental, health and safety risks. Alternative acid catalysts such as ionic liquid and solid acid have been commercialized or are under development to reduce these risks. This report discusses alternative acid alkylation technologies and compares the process economics with conventional liquid acid alkylation technologies.

This report discusses propane dehydrogenation (PDH) technology with a focus on the major technology licensors and their latest PDH process offerings. Production economics for the United States, Middle East, China, and Western Europe are presented as well as a carbon intensity analysis for select regions.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), a class of naturally-occurring polyesters, are promising candidates for replacing petrochemical plastics in select applications due to their biodegradability and other desirables properties. This report outlines the production processes for PHA, evaluates the companies that own these technologies (project scoring), and provides cost estimates for plant construction and production. Additionally, the report explores carbon credits and implications for PHA adoption in various sectors including food packaging, consumer products, and medical supplies.

This report provides an overview of commercial and developmental routes for the production of bioethylene. Technologies that are discussed in the report include (but not limited to) bioethylene from bioethanol, bionaphtha and municipal solid waste-based methanol-to-olefin plants. Recent developments by major players are presented, with process economics comparison and carbon intensity analysis for different production routes. The process economics is also mapped against the carbon intensities for corresponding production technologies in different regions.