This report is a techno-economic overview of the major licensable technologies available for the production of, SAF, renewable naphtha and renewable LPG via the hydroprocessing of vegetable oils, waste oils and animal fats. Technologies modelled are UOP Ecofining, Topsøe HydroFlex, Axens Vegan, Neste NExBTL and Sulzer BioFlux, with the Chevron Lummus Global, Sinopec, UPM, Chevron/REG and Petrobras routes also profiled. The report compares economics and Cis for maximum SAF modes on both virgin and UCO feedstocks across five regions, and models Scope 1 and Scope 2 carbon intensities for each route. A detailed review of global policy, and an analysis of existing and firm capacity to 2030, are included as well.​

This report examines selected routes for fuel ethanol production, focusing on conventional fermentation of crop-based “first generation” biomass feedstock and two routes to non-crop-based “second generation” product; hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass and fermentation of industrial/waste gases including from steel production. Technology analysis includes the range of technologies for advanced/second-generation ethanol, as well as details of emerging “third generation” processes. Economic Analysis includes cost of production models for first generation ethanol (from corn or sugarcane feedstock dependent on location), indicative cellulosic ethanol process from agricultural waste (sugarcane field trash, wheat straw or corn stover dependent on location) and indicative emerging syngas fermentation route using steel mill offgas. Analysis is provided for United States, China, Brazil and Western Europe.

Battery technologies are central to the global energy transition, enabling the shift away from fossil fuels, protecting energy security, enabling cleaner power systems and electrified transport. The most widely employed battery type currently is based on lithium ion (Li-ion) technology, with advantages including high energy density, long life cycle and rapidly declining cost. However, rapid growth in renewable energy and electric vehicle markets has resulted in unsustainable demand for key battery minerals including lithium. Sodium ion (Na-ion) batteries have been identified as a potential alternative to Li-ion technologies due to the abundance and low cost of sodium feedstocks. Currently the Na-ion battery market is at a critical commercial inflection point, rapidly transitioning from pilot-scale initiatives to mass production and widespread commercial application.

A deep dive into the fermentative production of lipids and fatty acids as an alternative to traditional oleochemical feedstocks. Includes coverage of mixed culture modified anaerobic digestion technology, oleaginous yeast fermentations, and other routes to lipids and fatty acids outside of oilseeds and other first-generation feedstocks. Includes techno-economic analysis, CI, and capacity analysis of extant production and announced ventures.