​​Fuel cells technology has made recent advances which include considerable improvements in design, materials, economy of scale, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. These advances have enabled broad business use cases and applications in transportation, stationary power generation, portable power, maritime industry, and aviation. Some of the key areas of progress focus on improved membrane materials, optimized catalyst designs, advanced electrode structures, and potential integration with intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaics and wind power. These major advances allow for more sustainable energy production, with zero-carbon and zero-greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across various sectors and industries. This specifically includes the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCEVs) for cleaner transportation and large-scale stationary power generation systems for the electric utility grid stability.