This report covers the techno-economics of the industrial graphite electrode sector, a key enabling technology for the steel and aluminum industries as well as for a large variety of high temperature processes. Industrial graphite electrodes are vital for the decarbonization of the steel industry and critical for aluminum smelting, but are facing short-term pressures from the rapid retreat from coal in Chinese steel and competition for synthetic graphite from the battery sector. Technology and economics for major production processes for functional graphite electrodes are covered and used to support a strategic overview of the sector.

This report assesses low-carbon marine fuel technologies in terms of their technical, economic, and carbon intensity aspects, aligning with the International Maritime Organization (IMO)’s goals of reducing GHG emissions in the global maritime industry by at least 50 percent from 2008 levels by 2050 and achieving zero-emissions by 2100.  Key technologies covered at the cost of production level include Renewable Diesel, Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), Renewable Natural Gas (RNG), MSW-based bio-methanol, e-methanol, green ammonia and green hydrogen.   This report also presents a comparative analysis of the overall carbon intensity, considering scope 1, scope 2, upstream scope 3 and downstream scope 3 (fuel combustion) emissions across these fuel pathways.

Polyglycolic acid (PGA), also known as polyglycolide is a biodegradable, thermoplastic polyester polymer and the simplest of the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) class of polyesters possible.

Isoprene derivatives include polyisoprene, styrene block copolymers (SIS and SEPS), and butyl rubber (IIR). The halogenated butyl rubbers – notably bromobutyl rubber - is more commonly used in tires as the material vulcanizes faster than IIR itself.

Technology report including technology description and process flow diagram, profiles of technology developers and cost of production tables (COPs) for PET recycling processes.

The process technologies and production economics for polypropylene (PP) are presented. Gas phase and bulk processes from all major technology holders are reviewed. Cost of production economics have been developed for USGC, China, and Middle East locations. Carbon intensity analysis (scope 1 and 2) included for average gas phase, bulk, and slurry processes on a USGC and China basis. Global demand by end-use and global capacity by producer are provided.

The 2022 Custom Cost Curve Analysis model for Propylene Oxide and Propylene Glycol combines NexantECA’s global plant capacity database and views on supply and demand with an extensive cost of production database and NexantECA’s annual price forecasts developed for three oil scenarios. Delivered as an interactive spreadsheet, the model offers views of historical PO and PG cost competitiveness and profitability on a quarterly basis, and forecast cost competitiveness and profitability on an annual basis.

E-waste is the world’s fastest growing and most valuable waste stream. An estimated $62.5 billion USD worth of precious metals from electronics are landfilled and incinerated annually while less than 20 percent of the world’s e-waste is captured through formal recycling channels. This TECH report provides the technological, economic, and market dynamics of the formal electronic recycling industry. This report also examines the status and trajectory of electronic recycling across each continent and the key policies and initiatives shaping the future of e-waste. An economic model for a standard industrial e-waste recycling plant in the United States is also provided.

The process technologies and production economics for high density polyethylene (HDPE) are presented. Ziegler slurry, slurry loop, gas phase, and solution processes from all major technology holders are reviewed. Cost of production estimates have been developed on a USGC, China, and Middle East basis. Demand by end use, capacity, and supply/demand/trade data is provided on a global basis and for North America, Western Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of World.

This report provides an overview of the propylene oxide market, as well as conventional and emerging technologies for propylene oxide production. The report includes production cost estimates for six major commercial technologies in four different locations. An overview of the carbon intensity across three regions, the U.S., Western Europe and China for the propylene oxide technologies is also presented.