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Polymers and Plastics

Low Density Polyethylene LDPE (2025 Program)

The process technologies and production economics for low density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) are presented. Processes from major technology developers are reviewed. Cost of production estimates have been developed for USGC, China, and Middle East locations for LDPE and EVA. Production economics for LDPE are compared with LLDPE. Demand by end-use, capacity, and supply/demand/trade data is provided on a global basis and for North America, Western Europe, and Asia Pacific.
Coming soon
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Polymers and Plastics
C1 Chemicals and Fertilizers
Oil, Gas and Refined Products

​Advances in Fuel Cells Technologies and Applications (2025 Program)

​​Fuel cells technology has made recent advances which include considerable improvements in design, materials, economy of scale, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. These advances have enabled broad business use cases and applications in transportation, stationary power generation, portable power, maritime industry, and aviation. Some of the key areas of progress focus on improved membrane materials, optimized catalyst designs, advanced electrode structures, and potential integration with intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaics and wind power. These major advances allow for more sustainable energy production, with zero-carbon and zero-greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across various sectors and industries. This specifically includes the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCEVs) for cleaner transportation and large-scale stationary power generation systems for the electric utility grid stability.
Dec 2024
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Polymers and Plastics
C1 Chemicals and Fertilizers
Oil, Gas and Refined Products

Advances in Battery Energy Storage Systems (2024 Program)

Advances in battery energy storage systems (BESS) are growing in importance with continual technological improvements and declining costs of leading battery chemistries such as lithium-ion, vanadium redox, sodium-sulfur, and others. This includes improvements with new chemistries boosting performance. BESS units play an essential role via increased integration with power supply sources with zero-greenhouse gas and zero-carbon emissions such as intermittent renewable power sources (e.g., solar PV and wind) and advances in dispatchable baseload commercial nuclear power (e.g., small modular reactors). This report discusses the viable pathways for BESS units, evaluates the status of commercially advanced battery technologies and applications, and reviews the methodologies for determining the costs and techno-economics of BESS technologies, systems, and projects. The report also provides detailed case studies along with an overview of technology types, their rated output, project status, siting and location, ownership, supply/value chain partners, cost, performance, benefits, and any other relevant data and information.
Dec 2024
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Polymers and Plastics
C1 Chemicals and Fertilizers
Renewable Energy and Chemicals

Key Pathways for Red, Purple, and Pink Hydrogen (2024 Program)

​​Red, purple, and pink hydrogen provide key tangible, feasible, and viable pathways towards definitive global and regional decarbonization of supply/value chains with zero greenhouse gas emissions. Also, as part of an optimal energy mix, this includes, but is not limited to, being an effective energy carrier for fuels, feedstocks, and production of downstream chemicals. In addition, red, purple, and pink hydrogen can provide enhanced reliability, resilience, and availability of baseload and peaking supply of electricity and hydrogen for wholesale and retail end-customers. Commercially advanced technologies via small modular reactors and proven processes via electrolysis and thermolysis are paving the way forward.​
Nov 2024
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Polymers and Plastics

LLDPE (2024 Program)

​​The process technologies and production economics for linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), including LLDPE/HDPE swing processes are presented. Processes from major technology developers are reviewed. Cost of production estimates have been developed on a United States, China, and Middle East basis for conventional and second generation resins. Carbon Intensity of each process type is also explored, with discussion of recent developments aiming to improve the sustainability of LLDPE. Licensee information is presented for each technology along with global and regional capacity listings.​
Nov 2024
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Polymers and Plastics
Petrochemicals

Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) (2024 Program)

This techno-economic report offers a review of chemistry, properties, technology, and development trends of Polymethyl Methacrylate or PMMA. The report provides production economics for PMMA for several different global locations (United States, Western Europe, and China) under a consistent second quarter 2024 price scenario. The report also provides a carbon intensity analysis.
Nov 2024
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Polymers and Plastics
Specialty Chemicals and Advanced Materials

PTMEG/Spandex (2024 Program)

Polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) is a key ingredient in the production of a variety of elastomeric urethane products and is a major component of spandex fibers. Minor applications are as the soft block in co-polyester and co-polyamide elastomers, and in a number of very small miscellaneous applications. PTMEG has few uses, even in small volumes, in applications where it is not a monomeric input to a polymeric species. Cost of production estimates for PTMEG and Spandex are included for the United States and China.
Nov 2024
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Polymers and Plastics
Oil, Gas and Refined Products
Renewable Energy and Chemicals

Processing Challenges of Renewable Feedstocks (2024 Program)

This report provides an overview of the challenges associated with the use of renewable feedstocks for producing biofuels, chemicals, and heat or power. These challenges are often related to the inherent properties of the feedstock, requiring pre-treatment before it can be used directly in existing processes. The necessary pre-treatment processes for converting the renewable feedstocks are discussed. The report also summarizes the technology readiness levels (TRL) of the renewable feedstocks and the corresponding cost of pre-treatment.
Oct 2024
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Polymers and Plastics
Specialty Chemicals and Advanced Materials

Specialty LDPE Copolymers (2024 Program)

Ethylene copolymers, derived from the polymerization of ethylene and a comonomer (e.g., vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, acrylic acid, or methyl acrylate), extend the performance range of the broad class of high pressure polyethylene resins. The inclusion of a comonomer reduces the crystallinity of the copolymer, as well as its melting point, resulting in improved flexibility, impact strength, and heat sealing characteristics. This report discusses these various specialty LDPE copolymers and also includes cost of production estimates for EVA and other specialty copolymers for the United States and China regions.
Oct 2024
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Polymers and Plastics

Decarbonizing Portland Cement (2024 Program)

Public and private efforts for sustainability will soon result in fundamental changes to the production processes for cement. This study examines technology used to produce cement as well as of two carbon capture methods, MEA and Chemical Looping. The impact of carbon capture technology on the capital cost and carbon intensity of cement is examined.

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