This report examines the technical, economic, and strategic aspects of thermal conversion (e.g., pyrolysis and hydrothermal treatment) technologies that are used to recycle mixed plastics waste. Selected developers of technologies were profiled and ranked under different criteria. The economic analysis of thermal conversion technologies, involving the production of feedstocks for olefins are provided for different geographic regions. In addition, the report includes an analysis of the plastic-based naphtha delivered cost competitiveness to Western Europe from the USGC, China, Japan, and Southeast Asia. An ethylene carbon intensity analysis is provided. Strategic and business considerations are also included in the report.

This report is an extensive techno-economic overview of available renewable ammonia technologies in the context of the radical decarbonization required for the ammonia industry to reach COP25 goals. Major technologies are covered in a modular fashion including hydrogen provision, ammonia conversion, nitrogen capture, and carbon capture and sequestration. The report benchmarks blue ammonia against green ammonia ventures in terms of carbon intensity and economic competitiveness. Blue ammonia models cover ATR and SMR routes in detail, including flue gas capture and including potential sensitivities of costs for geological sequestration dependent on distance, injection well depth, and terrain. Green ammonia models cover both full-rate production and evaluate claims of cost competitiveness under intermittent production against a wide variety of plant-gate ammonia pricing and electricity pricing scenarios using an innovative probabilistic methodology.

This report provides a comprehensive review of the global hydrogen market, including various sources of hydrogen supply and demand in refining, steel, industrial heat, passenger vehicles, road freight, aviation, rail, space heating, ammonia, methanol and other.Market Insights: Hydrogen - 2022 includes a market review and outlook to 2035 for each key region:  North America, South America, Western and Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Middle East, China and Other Asia Pacific.  The report also discusses viable pathways for hydrogen production, along with hydrogen production costs, levelized costs of hydrogen (LCOH) and pricing.Market drivers, key challenges, and potential barriers are reviewed and evaluated including regulatory framework and policies for stimulating overall hydrogen demand. Hydrogen pricing is reviewed and a comparative costs analysis of the main colours of hydrogen (e.g., grey, blue, and green) is performed.AbstractFor achieving “net-zero” emissions by 2050 to constrain the global temperature rise to 1.5 to 2.0 degrees Celsius (°C), negligible or minimal (low) carbon hydrogen is receiving much attention.  Hydrogen is typically used in the chemical industry for several important products such as ammonia, methanol, cyclohexane, hydrogen peroxide, aniline, and oxo alcohols, amongst others.  Hydrogen is also used in the refining sector to reduce the sulfur content of certain fuel streams as well as in many other industries.  In recent years, there is a growing emphasis on adopting hydrogen as an “energy carrier” in fuel cell applications which would open a potentially large new market.  Different types of hydrogen are defined based on a colour palette classifying hydrogen based on its potential environmental footprint and resulting impact. 

Analysis and forecast of supply and demand of the global fuel ethanol market.  This report includes discussion regarding key market drivers and constraints, as well as supply, demand and trade analysis for nine regions: Asia Pacific, China, North America, South America, Western Europe, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa, with forecasts to 2035.  Analysis, including first generation and advanced ethanol consumption, the development of governmental support mechanisms in the era of Net Zero emissions targets, feedstock issues and progress on cellulosic production, alongside pricing and cost competitiveness analysis, is also included by region.